Najmeh Soveizi - Department of microbiology, Biological science faculty, North Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad university,Tehran, Iran
Abbas Akhavansepahi - Department of microbiology, Biological science faculty, North Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad university,Tehran, Iran
Parviz Pakzad - Department of microbiology, Biological science faculty, North Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad university,Tehran, Iran

Abstrac Probiotics based on Bacillus strains have been increasingly proposed for prophylactic and therapeutic uses against several gastro-intestinal diseases. One of the important mechanisms of probiotics is the stimulating the immune system. A number of studies in human and animal models have shown that oral administration of spores stimulates the immune system. As a result Spores are not only intestinal harmless passengers but also can be used as food . One feature of B. subtilis spores following oral administration of them is the expanding primary lymphoid tissue associated with gastrointestinal

Bacillus subtilis, probiotics, immunity, toxicity, spore