Quality improvement and marketing effort in a closed loop supply chain under game theory policy

This paper develops a closed supply chain with one manufacturer, one retailer and a third party where the manufacturer produces a product with an appropriate quality and sells it through a retailer with a wholesale price in the market. A third party collects the used products from consumers and sends to the manufacturer. The manufacturer remanufactures the used products and the quality of the remanufactured products bacame the same as the manufactured ones. We consider two different policies: centralized and decentralized or Nash game. A numerical examples is taken to study the impacts of product quality and product marketing on demand as well as optimal decisions

Keywords:

closed loop supply chain , game theory , marketing effort , quality improvement