Study on serum glucose, insulin, NEFA, BHBA and lipid profile in different productive status of high producing Holstein dairy cows

BACKGROUND: Metabolic profiles have been used in effortsto predict pre parturient problems and fertility, to diagnosemetabolic diseases, and to assess nutritional status in dairycows. These profiles may help to confirm the diagnosis of subclinical diseases, to be aware of possible causes of infertilityin the herds, or to monitor improvement in herd animals.OBJECTIVES: This study investigated changes in the metabolicprofile of high producing Holstein dairy cows from early lactationto close-up dry periods. The results of the current researchcan provide useful guidelines for management strategiesduring different physiological phases of high producingHolstein dairy cows. METHODS: Twenty-five multiparous highproducing Holstein dairy cows were selected from a high producingindustrial dairy farm. Cattle were divided into 5 equalgroups of early, mid and late lactation and far-off and close-updry cows. Blood samples were collected from all cows and serawere separated to evaluate glucose, insulin, β-hydroxybutyricacid (BHBA), non-esterified fatty acid (NEFA), cholesterol,triglyceride (TG), high, low and very low density lipoproteins(HDL-cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol and VLDL-cholesterol).RESULTS: The highest levels of insulin were detected in midlactation and close-up dry periods. The changing patterns ofBHBA and NEFA were significant and the highest levels ofthese biomarkers were detected in the early lactation group.The decreasing pattern of BHBA and NEFA were seen fromearly lactation to far-off dry cows. Significant elevations wereseen in these biomarkers from far-off to close-up dry cows.CONCLUSIONS: The results of the present study show that metabolicbiomarkers change in high producing Holstein dairycows, under different physiological states. These changes areinduced commonly by negative energy balance, lactogenesisand fetal growth in each state.

Keywords:

changing pattern , lactogenesis , fetal growth , Holstein dairy cows , metabolic profile