Afsaneh Mohammadzadeh - Department of Reproductive Endocrinology and Embryology, Reproductive Biotechnology Research Center, Avesina Research Institute, ACECR, Tehran, Iran.
Mahnaz Heidari - Department of Reproductive Endocrinology and Embryology, Reproductive Biotechnology Research Center, Avesina Research Institute, ACECR, Tehran, Iran.
Haleh Soltan Ghoraiee - Department of Reproductive Endocrinology and Embryology, Reproductive Biotechnology Research Center, Avesina Research Institute, ACECR, Tehran, Iran.
Marefat Ghaffari Novin - Department of Reproductive Endocrinology and Embryology, Reproductive Biotechnology Research Center, Avesina Research Institute, ACECR, Tehran, Iran.

Background: Immune system disturbances have an important role in endometriosis which may lead to infertility. It seems that inflammatory cytokines specially tumornecrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) which were produced by activated macrophages have an important role in pathology of endometriosis. Based on this theory, anti TNF-α drugs like pentoxifylline (PX) are suggested as new drugs for Endometriosis. Objective: This experimental study has been done on female rats to determine the effect of PX on the endometrial implants and leukocytes in serum. Material and Methods: In proestrous phase, one horn of rat’s bicorn uterus wasremoved surgically and the endometrium was implanted to different places as follows: subcutaneous, peritoneum and near ovaries. After two months observation, female rats divided into two groups randomly. In treated group (n=10) PX (5mg/kg twice a day)and in control group (n=10), normal saline (same dose) were injected subcutaneously. Then, via second laparotomy and in the same phase of the cycles, the size of implantsand the amount of leukocytes in serum were measured. Results: In treated group compared with control, the size of implants was decreasedsignificantly in right subcutaneous (8.05mm vs 13.50mm) p<0.01, left subcutaneous (7.64 mm vs 14mm) p<0.01, right ovary (6.64 mm vs 15.22mm) p<0.001 and left ovary (7.18 mm vs 14.56 mm) p<0.005. In treated group, the total leukocyte count (5259.54 ±178.78 vs 15833.33 ± 259.27) p<0.02 was decreased. The number of esterous cycle was similar in both groups. Conclusion: PX can reduce the size of endometrial implants as well as leukocyte count.

Endometriosis, Pentoxifylline, TNF-α, Anti TNF-α drugs, Infertility, Rat