Ebrahim vanaki farahani - Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Malek Ashtar University of Technology, Babaei Highway,Tehran,Iran
naser namdar habashi - Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Tehran, North Kargar Avenue,Tehran,Iran

Nowadays electrochemistry plays a key role in cells and proteins analysis. The cell is the basic unit of life, which plays a key role in the development of organisms and participates in almost all physiological processes in vivo. Since the physiological activities of cells are often related to electron transfer and/or electroactive species, electrochemistry is proven to be an effective technique for the analysis of cells, which can be further used in disease diagnosis and drug screening. Therefore, electrochemical analysis of cells has attracted a great many research interests. In recent years, with the development of surface modification technology, molecular recognition and nanotechnology, more and more electrodes with high biocompatibility can be used for cell immobilization, which has greatly promoted the electrochemical analysis of cells. Meanwhile protein is of great importance to the execution of normal physiological functions of living organisms. Currently, the main techniques for the analysis of proteins include spectrophotometry, mass spectrometry, electrochemistry, affinity chromatography and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), etc. Among them, electrochemical technique receives more and more interests. Especially in recent years, with the continuous improvement of protein-film voltammetry and the recently developed surface modification technology, nanotechnology, signal amplification technology and molecule recognition technology, electrochemical technique has been gradually overcoming the past drawbacks such as narrow research objects and sole signal format in the analysis of proteins. In this chapter, we review some typical strategies for the electrochemical analysis of protein activity as well as the electrochemical quantitative analysis of some proteins.

Nanomaterials-based amplification , Quantitative analysis , Protein film volta-mmetry , Electrochemical immunosensors , Electrochemical aptasensor