Review assessment: The incidence of Alzheimer’s disease and the polymorphisms of interleukins

Alzheimer is a type of multifactorial disease which shows heterogeneity over various populations. Findings in some populations suggest that in addition to two protein deposits consisting beta-amyloid peptide and neurofibrillary tangles, which are the main mechanism in pathogenesis of Alzheimer’s disease, inflammatory mechanisms have a fundamental role in pathogenesis of disease. Various inflammatory mediators such as complement activators and inhibitors, chemokine and cytokines released by microglia and astrocytes, are caused to neuronal dysfunction and death gradually. Alzheimer is a progressive disease of the nervous system, which is evident by means of recent memory loss and personality changes. This review study is aimed to survey all studies conducted to investigate the correlation of interleukins gens polymorphism and Alzheimer’s disease over different populations. In this study, all interleukins are surveyed, so effective interleukins have been identified. The first reported gene for Alzheimer’s disease was APP, the gene for the amyloid precursor protein. Furthermore, recent studies showed, the lack of any association between the polymorphism of IL10-3538, -1354, -1087, -824, -595, IL6-384, IL1Ra, IL6 VNTR, IL4 +33 and IL23 and Alzheimer’s disease so that bring them into doubt the efficacy of these candidate genes as marker of susceptibility of Alzheimer’s disease over populations. However, it is suggested the polymorphisms of IL-1 (889), IL-1RN, IL-1Ra, IL1β (-511,-31,+3953), IL-4 (-590,-1098), IL-6(-174,572), IL-10 (-1082,-819,-592), IL12, IL16, IL17, IL18 (-607, -137), IL33, TNF-α (-850), TNF-α, TGF-β (+10, +25) are the risk marker for Alzheimer’s disease.

Keywords:

Alzheimer , Polymorphism , Interleukin , Multifactorial disease