A review of Brucellosis as an important zoonosis disease

Introduction: Brucella is a Gram-negative facultative intracellular bacterium that cause important diseases in humans and various domesticated and wild animals. So far eight Brucella species have been identified: B. melitensis, B.abortus, B.suis, B.canis, B.neotomae, B.ceti, B.ovis and B.pinnipedialis, most of this, except for B.neotomae and B.ovis, pathogenic for humans. Brucellosis is a zoonotic disease and is widely distributed along the developing countries. In this review, a review of the brucellosis is presented and some key epidemiologic factors of this illness is evaluated in Iran.Material and method: This article is done based on information published in valid books, national and international journals key words such as Brucella, epidemiology were used.Results: Brucella quickly translocate across the mucosal epithelium layer. Brucella survives and duplicates inside phagocytic cells and evade the host immune response, and disseminate to preferred tissues through cellular tropism, for example, placental trophoblasts in pregnant females, fetal lung, reticuloendothelial system, and reproductive tractConclusion: The geographic circumstances of Iran is always an important risk factor for the proliferation of contagious diseases, obviously from the eastern and western neighbors such as Iraq, Pakistan & Afghanistan. The majority of these countries do not use high quality veterinary services for controlling animal diseases and therefore brucellosis is endemic in them. Therefore, using good personal hygiene in people which works with animals which are suspected to be infected is useful and veterinary protective measurements in borders should be done.

Keywords:

brucella , brucellosis , zoonosis