محمد فعلی - گروه مهندسی نفت، واحد علوم و تحقیقات، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد تهران، ایران
کاوه آهنگری - گروه مهندسی معدن، واحد علوم و تحقیقات، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد تهران، ایران
سیدعرفان صابرحسینی - باشگاه پژوهشگران جوان و نخبگان، واحد علوم و تحقیقات، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد تهران، ایران

Hydraulic Fracturing (HF) is a well-known stimulation method that has been extensively used for increasing the productivity of oil and gas wells worldwide. It consists of injecting water or other fluids under very high pressures that causes artificial fractures in the reservoir and enhances the productivity by increasing the permeability of the pay zone. Although this method is especially useful for very low permeable (unconventional) reservoirs, it is currently used for all kinds of formations even for high permeable reservoirs. If in the fracking process water-based or oil-based fluids are used as the injectant, proppant (usually sand) is injected into the reservoirs to keep the fractures open after the end of the operations. In acid-fracking operations, no proppant is required.

ناپایداری چاه، کرنش پلاستیک، تنش تفریقی، فشار منفذی، مدل پوروالاستوپلاستیک