m.a olutoye - Department of Chemical Engineering, School of Engineering and Engineering Technology, Federal University of Technology, Minna, Nigeria.
o.d Adeniyi - Department of Chemical Engineering, School of Engineering and Engineering Technology, Federal University of Technology, Minna, Nigeria.
a.s Yusuff - Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, Afe Babalola University, Ado-Ekiti, Nigeria

The synthesis and characterization of clay-eggshell mixed catalysts was carried out for the transesterification of palm kernel oil using methanol as solvent. Clay from anthill and waste chicken eggshells were powdered and mixed via incipient wet impregnation in 50-50, 80-20 and 20-80%proportions of clay to eggshell on mass basis. The resulting mixtures were oven dried at 120 0C and calcined in the furnance at 900 0C for 4 hours. The uncalcined raw clay sample was characterized viathe X-ray fluorescence method while the as-synthesized catalyst samples were characterized via the Fourier Transform Infrared Radiation Spectroscopy and Scanning Electron Microscopy. Theperformance of the as-synthesized catalysts was tested in transesterification of palm kernel oil (PKO) via a 2 level factorial experimental design optimizing four variables including reaction time, reactiontemperature, methanol/oil molar ratio and catalyst loading in which case the yield was the required response. The 50-50 catalyst attained a maximum yield of 56.2% at 70 0C, methanol/oil ratio of 12:1,reaction time of 180 min, catalyst loading of 5 wt.% compared to the 65.2% achieved with the 80-20 catalyst at 90 0C, methanol/oil ratio of 12:1, reaction time of 180 min., catalyst loading of 5 wt% andthe 70.7% obtained for the 20-80 catalyst at 70 0C, methanol/oil ratio of 12:1, reaction time of 180 min, catalyst loading of 3 wt%, thus, indicating mixed effect of variables as fully discussed. Thedeveloped catalysts were found to be good for biodiesel production and have the ability of improved performance

Anthill,Biodiesel,Chicken-eggshell,Palm kernel oil,Transesterification,