Co-incidence of Lordosis, kyphosis and scoliosis syndrome (LSK) in Parrot cichlid (Cichlasoma)

Objective: The presence of morpho-anatomical abnormalities in fish has been discussed in many studies as a frequent and important problem for aquaculture. The identification of the causative factors is difficult due to their large number, their commonly expressed symptoms and their frequently cooperative effect, as well as due to the wide developmental phases during which they act. Vertebral deformities are of the most important skeletal malformations, as they have been reported with high incidence in many species, under both natural or aquaculture conditions. In this study, a case of 8-month-old Parrot fish with severe body deformity was described. Method & Materials: The fish was anesthetized with the induction time of 2 minutes by MS222 for 5 minutes maintenance, and strained for radiographic examination. It has been radiographed in lateral and dorsoventral view and finally recovered in aquarium with adequate oxygenation in 1 minute. Results & Conclusion: A new unusual complex spinal column deformity consisting of a consecutive repetition of lordosis, scoliosis and kyphosis (LSK) from the head to the caudal fin was described in Parrot fish. Lateral deviation of the vertebral column is called scoliosis that may caused by congenital or acquired abnormalities of the vertebrae, muscles and nerves. Inward curvature of the spine is lordosis whereas outward curvature is called kyphosis. Radiographic examination showed scoliosis in dorsoventral and also lordosis and kyphosis in lateral view. Several environmental factors have been associated with skeletal abnormalities, such as nutritional imbalances, genetic basis, hydrodynamic and culture conditions. According to the previous researches the skeletal deformities of adult fish probably have congenital causes, either genetic or environmental, during embryonic development. In this case water quality, nutrition and temperature have been noted normal. It seems that the major cause can be a congenital problem.

Keywords:

lordosis , scoliosis , kyphosis , Parrot fish