E. Torshizi - M.Sc., Department of Mechanical Engineering, Mashhad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Mashhad, Iran
I. Zahmatkesh - Assistant Professor, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Mashhad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Mashhad, Iran.

Increasing heat exchange in industries has always been of interest to designers and engineers. One of the procedures of heat exchange enhancement of conventional thermal fluids goes back to distributing metal or metal oxide particles with high thermal conductivities in the base fluid. Improvement of convective heat transfer as a result of nanoparticle addition has motivated many researchers to concentrate on studying the use of nanoparticles in a wide range of engineering problems.