Abbas Tabandeh - Department of Electrical Engineering, Shahid Bahonar University, Kerman, Iran
Amir Abdollahi - Department of Electrical Engineering, Shahid Bahonar University, Kerman, Iran
Masoud Rashidinejad - Department of Electrical Engineering, Shahid Bahonar University, Kerman, Iran
Ali Hajebrahimi - Department of Electrical Engineering, Laval University, Quebec, Canada

Under the smart grid environment, demand response resources (DRRs)are introduced as a virtual power plant which enhance power system adequacy. DRRs often fail to reduce their load due to some externalfactors. In this paper, a reliability model of a DRR is constructed as multistate conventional generation units, where the probability, frequency of occurrence, and departure rate of each state can be acquired. DRRs asconsequence of demand response program implementation can be applied to transmission congestion management. Therefore, this paper presents an optimal model of congestion management (CM) by means ofmulti-state DRRs, namely CM_DRR. In the proposed approach, in addition to DRRs, independent system operator relieves the existing transmission line congestions using the combination of generating unit reschedulingand involuntary load shedding. The hourly historical data associated with the Connecticut region in New England is employed to achieve the DRRs’ participation regime. Moreover, the impact of different capacities of DRRson the congestion management cost and load shedding cost is evaluated. Results of applying the aforementioned model to the 24-bus ReliabilityTest System (RTS) indicate the efficacy of CM_DRR framework.

Congestion management,Demand response resource,Customer’s uncertainty,Multi-state model,Smart grid