Adel A. Yonan - Geological science Department, National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt
Amber S. Gad - Chemistry of Natural and Microbial products department, National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt

Rare earth elements(III) are extremely important for the development of economy and technology .They are used for the production of electronic equipment, Lanthanides are also used in certain plants that known as hyper accumulate REEs in their leaves and are adapted to use these metals. REEs are also used in automotive, aerospace, missile, military industries and in medical diagnostics due to their similarity to calcium, The chemically similar 15 lanthanides elements are commonly known as REE’s are Lithophile elements, they occur together in nature but dispersed and not occur in separate state because all are trivalent and have similar ionic radii. Due to their re-activity they are found to be difficult to refine to pure metal so they are found in mixtures. They are classified into light REEs and heavy REEs. Therefore .The latest group as smaller, less concentrated and most important leads to economic consequence besides their effective separation process as pure metal. In addition, their extraction often produces unwanted by-products; these processes use organic phases comprising flammable and volatile solvents, like toluene, kerosene or diethyl ether. Ionic liquids are far more environmentally friendly, having very low vapor pressure and non-flammability is worth mentioning that regeneration of anion exchangers in these systems is very economical. So, searching safer way to concentrate lanthandes is via microorganisms. The Gram-positive bacteria were much more susceptible than the Gram-negative bacteria towards Ln (III) complexes formation and that could be attributed to the complex structure of Gram negative bacteria. The aim of this review is to suggest developing new and innovative methods for the biological separation and production of as REEs soil samples from rare earth environment ore (soil location collection of superficial and down core). Soil accumulation of REEs in bacterial, fungal or algal cell cultures has to be evaluated with rare earth soil equipment for measuring the bio-accumulation of these valued metals in cells. Adsorption in bacterial outer membrane undergoes a phase transition which alters its reactive properties by changing the binding energies of metal cations to membrane sites and/or by altering the site concentrations on the membrane.

Rare Earth Elements, North Coast of Sinai, Anion Exchange Resins, Gram-Positive Bacteria, Algae