Prevalence of hyponatremia among patients with acute urinary tract infection (UTI) in Bandar Abbas Pediatric Hospital during 2012-15

Introduction: Urinary tract infection (UTI) is among the most prevalent bacterial infections among children. There is scarce research on the correlation of UTI and the emergence of hyponatremia. The present research aimed to investigate the prevalence of hyponatremia among patients with an acute UTI. Methods: The present research is of a cross-sectional and retrospective in type and was conducted on 1-month to 15 year-old child patients suffering from an acute UTI hospitalized in Bandar Abbas Pediatric Hospital within 2012-15. The sample size was 1,096 and the data were collected from the patients’ medical records. The subjects were divided into two groups: with or without hyponatremia. The data were recorded in terms of the existence of upper and lower urinary infection, lab parameters and DMSA scan results as well as renal anomalies. The data were finally analyzed via SPSS ver.16 through Mann Whitney U-test, Chi-squared test and Fisher’s exact test. The level of significance was set at p˂.05. Results: 71 subjects (6.5%) were afflicted with a reduced serum level of sodium. In the hyponatremia group, ESR, CRP and WBC levels in blood showed a statistically significant increase (p=.001, p=.001, p=.006). The two groups showed to be significantly divergent in terms of the presence of kidney photopenic area and upper urinary infection (p=.016, p=.043).Discussion: The present findings revealed that hyponatremia can be a symptom of urinary tract inflammation. It is also correlated with an inflammation degree in children with UTI. ESR, CRP and WBC levels are negatively correlated with the serum level of sodium. In patients with a kidney photopenic area the emergence rate of hyponatremia is higher.Conclusion:Hyponatremia and high levels of CRP can be considered as two independent factors involved in predicting the emergence of renal damage in DMSA scan.