Maryam Ahmadi - Education and Extension Organization(AREEO), Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute, Advanced Technologies Incubator Centre
Fatemeh Toode Dehghan - Department of Venomous Animals and Antivenin production Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran

Sex hormones can interfere with the production of inflammatory and anti-inflammatory factors, antibodies and immune responses, and create favorable changes. The progesterone is known to increase the production of one of the growth factors called Amfiregulin in the lining of the lungs as a protective hormone; this article focuseson the issue.Research has shown that treatment with progesterone changes the inflammatory environment of the lungs, but has no effect on viral load. Progesterone increases TGF-β, IL-6, IL-22, the number of CD39-expressing Th17 regulating cells and cell proliferation, decreases protein leakage in the airway, improves pulmonary function, and enhances the growth factor of the epidermal Amphiregulin (AREG) in the lungs. Administration of rAREG to progesterone-deficient women improves lung function and improves the Influenza A Virus (IAV) infection.In patients with AREG deficiency, progesterone is not protective factor, suggesting that induction of AREG by progesterone leads to healing in the lungs and a rapid recovery from IAV infection.AREG production increased by damaged respiratory epithelial cells by progesterone in the laboratory.The results indicate that progesterone is a vital host that mediates the production of AREG in epithelial cells and repair the lung tissue after an infection, which has importantimplications for the health of women. This paper opens up an approach to new research.

Progesterone, Influenza A virus,Amphiregulin, Treatment