Progesterone Consumption in The Treatment of Threatened Abortion and Hypospadias in Male Infants

Hypospadias is one of the most common malformation defects in the male genital tract; it occur almost 1 in every 125 live births. Usually hypospadias occur individually but is reported as part of a syndrome or with other urinary anomalies. The exact etiology is unknown, but endocrine disorders are considered as one of the reasons. In the studies that took place over the past three decades, progesterone consumption by the mother at the time of fertilization and the beginning of pregnancy was considered as one ofthe risk factors for the occurrence of hypospadias. Progesterone and its derivatives are used by mothers for various reasons, for example, in cases of luteal phase defect or in combination with ovulation-stimulating drugs. In recent years the progesterone widely used for the treatment of threatened abortion in pregnancy, while progesterone is contraindicated in pregnancy in pharmacologic texts. The texts of Obstetrics and Gynecology, the use of progesterone in the treatment of threatened abortion are notsupported. The mentioned issues challenge the use of progesterone in pregnancy. In this article, the use of progesterone in pregnancy and its relation with hypospadias in male infants are discussed.

Keywords:

Hypospadias , Progesterone , Threatened Abortion