Melanoma, epidemiology and clinical feature

Publish Year: 1397
نوع سند: مقاله کنفرانسی
زبان: English
View: 349

نسخه کامل این Paper ارائه نشده است و در دسترس نمی باشد

  • Certificate
  • من نویسنده این مقاله هستم

استخراج به نرم افزارهای پژوهشی:

لینک ثابت به این Paper:

شناسه ملی سند علمی:

DNWMED04_014

تاریخ نمایه سازی: 5 آذر 1397

Abstract:

Melanoma, which only represents 4% of skin cancers, accounts for 80% of skin cancer deaths. Annual incidence rates have increased among all populations which results in a doubling every 10–20 years. Mortality rates have remained relatively stable since 1980s. Melanoma is currently the fifth leading cancer in males and the seventh in females. Diagnosis is done at any age with a median age at diagnosis around 60. The higher incidence rates are recorded in Australia and New Zealand with up to 60 cases per 100 000 inhabitants per year whereas the lowest rates are found in Asia and Africa. These different figures are easily explained by sun gradients and phenotypic differences, with the highest rate in the most sunny areas and white skin.Risk factors may be divided into three categories: (1) genetic factors; (2) phenotypic manifestations of gene–environment interactions; and (3) environmental factors.Germline genetic mutations and polymorphisms can predispose individuals to melanoma. The genes involved range from the rare high penetrance genes responsible for some familial clustering of melanoma to the very common pigmentation genes responsible for the relative propensity for fair-skinned individuals to develop melanoma. The major high-penetrance susceptibility gene locus associated with familial melanoma is CDKN2A. Approximately 2% of cutaneous melanomas can be specifically attributed to pathogenic germline mutations in CDKN2A. The strongest independent risk factors for the development of cutaneous melanoma are those that reflect a combination of genetic susceptibility and environmental exposure: melanocytic nevi, atypical melanocytic nevi, ephelides, and solar lentigines. Both an increased number of common melanocytic nevi and the presence of atypical melanocytic nevi are independent risk factors for melanoma, as is the presence of solar lentigines.It is widely believed that the total risk for developing melanoma is determined by the interplay between genetic factors and exposure to UVR. Approximately 80% of cutaneous melanomas develop in intermittently sun-exposed regions, and both intermittent sun exposure and sunburn history have been identified as risk factors in epidemiologic studies.

Authors

Sara Saniee

Dermatology Department, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Sina Hospital, Tabriz, Iran