Association Between Intake Of Caffeine During Pregnancy And Sleep Quality In Postpartum Period: A Population-Based Study

Background and Aim: Adequate sleep is one of the important required factors for good health and quality of life and sleep disorder especially in Women in child bearing is an important public health issue. Objective of this study was to examine the association between intake of caffeine during pregnancy and sleep quality in postpartum period. Materials and Methods: In this population-based cross-sectional study we investigated on a representative sample of 360 delivered women who had delivered in the last 3 months and had a live birth and attending 30 health care centers in Ardabil, Iran. For sampling, systematic random sampling method was used. We used PSQI questionnaire for assessing sleep quality. Those with more than score of 5 were considered as poor sleeper. The reported sensitivity and specificity for PSQI questionnaire has been as 98.7% and 84.4% respectively. To examine caffeine and other dietary intake of study participants throughout their pregnancy, we used a 106-item Willett-format Dish-based Semi-quantitative Food Frequency Questionnaire (DS-FFQ). This Semi-quantitative Food Frequency questionnaire was specifically designed for Iranian adults. To examine the association of caffeine intake with sleep quality, we applied logistic regression in different models. The statistical significance level was set at p < 0.05.Results: According to PSQI, score of 187(53%) women were more than 5 that is indicative of poor sleep quality. Based on the second quartile as a reference group, there were marginally significant association in quartile 3 and significant association in quartile 4 between caffeine intake and poor sleep quality in crude model(P trend= 0.02) and model 1 (adjusted for age, occupation, education, BMI and sex of the infant) (P trend= 0.04). In model 2 (adjusted for model 1 and grains, fats, fruits and vegetables, nuts, fish and Poultry, meats (red meats and organ meats) and dairy, there were marginally significant association in quartile1 and significant association in quartile 3 and quartile 4 between caffeine intake and poor sleep quality ( P trend= 0.04). Conclusion: The results of our study suggest a non-linear significant association between caffeine intake and poor sleep quality in women.

Keywords:

pregnancy , Sleep Hygiene , population-based , Caffeine