Effect of Adipose_Derived Mesemchymal Stem Cells on Healing of Skin Radiation-Induced Injury in Guinea pig Model

Introductions: The skin is a complex radiosensitive organ that is frequently irradiated in an accidental or therapeutic contex. Radiotherapy is a common modality in cancer treatment. The increase in the incidence of the radiation-induced skin injury cases and the absence of standard treatments escalate the interest in finding new and effective methods for these lesions. Mesenchymal stem cells could be used to repair injured tissues. The use of stem cells from adipose tissue in regenerative medicine could be an interesting alternative to bone marrow stem cells because they are easily accessible and available in large quantities. We have studied the potential use of adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells(AdMSCs) to limit radiation_ induced skin injuries. Methods: Female guniea pigs were divided into 4 groups: (a) controls, consisting of nontreated guniea pigs; (b) radiation-treated guniea pigs; (c) radiation-treated guniea pigs receiving AdMSCs; and (d) radiation-treated guniea pigs receiving AdMSCs conditioned medium. AdMSCs or AdMSCs conditioned medium was injected intradermal 24 h after radiation. Guinea pigs were exposed to a single fraction of X-ray irradiation of 60Gy to a 3.0×3.0 cm area with 1.3 cm bolus on 100 cm SSD in abdominal skin tissue. The skin was isolated using a low_pressure clamp and irradiated. Guniea pigs were followed for 4 weeks with serial Photographic analysis and sonographic evaluation (40MHz, 75MHz) of the irradiated areas. Skin changes were measured using clinical assessments defined by the Kumar scale. Tensiometry , cutometery and elastography were performed and was obtained Young’s modulus. Results: Macroscopic analysis and histology results showed that the lesions were evolving to a less severe degree of radiation dermatitis after AdMSCs transplant when compared to irradiated non-transplanted controls and AdMSCs conditioned medium groups . Clinical scores for the studied skin parameters of treated guniea pigs were significantly improved. A faster healing was observed when compared to untreated guniea pig and AdMSCs conditioned medium groups . The in vivo results showed the effectiveness of using AdMSCs on reducing the time needed for complete healing and icreasing the time for hair loss by high dose radiation to 7 day for AdMSCs against 3 day for control. Conclusion: These results suggest a possible use of AdMSCs for the treatment of the early phase of the radiation_ induced skin injuries.

Keywords:

Adipose-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells (AdMSCs) , Radiation Skin Injury , Guinea pig Model , Mega Voltage Radiotherapy