Exosomes for Repair, Regeneration and wound healing

Wound healing is a highly orchestrated physiological process consisting of a complex events, and scarless wound healing is highly desired for the development and application in clinical medicine. Application of regenerative medicine strategies for repair of organs/tissue impacted by chronic disease is an active subject for product development. Such methodologies emphasize the role of stem cells as the active biological ingredient. However, recent developments in elucidating mechanism of action of these therapieshave focused on the role of paracrine, action-at-a-distance in mediating the ability to catalyze regenerative outcomes without significant site-specific engraftment. A salient component of this secreted regenerative milieu are exosomes: 40-100nm intraluminal vesicles that mediate transfer of proteins and nucleic acids across cellular boundaries. Recently, several studies have demonstrated that exosomes are one of the key secretory products of various cell type especially mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) to regulate many biological processes such wound healing. Hence, understanding these exosomes effects may help to improve wound management and highlight a new therapeutic model for cell-free therapies with decreased side effects for the wound repair. Exosomes contribute to organ development and mediate regenerative outcomes in injury and disease that recapitulate observed bioactivity of stem cell populations. Encapsulation of the active biological ingredients of regeneration within non-living exosome carriers may offer process, manufacturing and regulatory advantages over stem cell-based therapies.