Nano-fibers with controlled release for Periodontal drug delivery

Background and Objective: Periodontal disease is defined as chronic inflammatory condition characterized by the destruction of the periodontal tissues causing loss of connective tissue attachment, loss of alveolar bone, and the formation of pathological pockets around the diseased teeth. The use of systemic antibiotics has been advocated for its treatment, but concerns emerged with respect to adverse drug reactions and its contribution to bacterial resistance .Thus local drug delivery devices have been developed that aim to deliver a high concentration of antimicrobial drugs directly to the affected site, while minimizing drug’s systemic exposure. A burst release of antimicrobial agent from carrier, resulting in a short and inadequate exposure of bacteria residing in periodontal pocket to the agent, remains the main challenge of current local delivery systems for the treatment of periodontal disease. This review aims to investigate and compare different local antimicrobial delivery systems with regard to the treatment of periodontal disease. Materials and Methods: PCl Solved in DMF: DCM and Tetracycline Solved in DMF prepared. Tetracycline and chitosan Solved in acetic acid 1% (w/v) and PVP/PVA Solved in water prepared. Nanofibers were successfully electrospunand evaluated for periodontal diseases. The nanofibers were produced by electrospinning technique. The crosslinking process with glutaraldehyde was carried out. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to investigate the morphology and average diameter of the electrospun nanofibers. Findings: Nanofibers had a smooth and bead-less morphology with the diameter ranging from 175 to 320 nm. Due to the release of Tetracycline in Formulation with CS/PVA/PVP the drug is released Very fast. Placing this formulation on exposure to Glutaraldehyde does not result in a significant change in the release of the Tetracycline. Formulation PVA with Tetracycline exposed to glutaraldehyde has been shown to increase the release time of the drug and is capable of releasing Tetracycline for 30 hours. DSC results indicated dispersion of TET in the PCL nanofibers and showed a decrease in crystallinity of PCL nanofibers by adding TET. Results showed that an increase in the DCM: DMF ratio led to a decrease in the solution conductivity and an increase in the solution viscosity and in the nanofibers diameter. In vitro drug release studies in phosphate buffer solution (pH 7.4) showed that the drug release rate was affected by the solvents ratio and the drug concentration. Sustained drug release was prolonged to 15 days. Conclusion: The prolonged drug release, together with proven biocompatibility, antibacterial and mechanical properties of drug loaded core shell nanofibers make them a promising candidate to be used as drug delivery system for periodontal diseases

Keywords:

Nanofibers , electrospun , periodontitis , antibiotic , Tetracycline , PCl , PVP , PVA , Chaitosan