A quantitative experimental study of the environmental impacts in smart water injection in the Kupal Oil Reservoir

Protection of the environment and natural resources is one of the challenges of humans in the early of 21st century, while the necessity of improving standards of life has lost its position in the developing countries. In this regard, the industry scope has an outstanding place due to this fact that it can play a major role in improving of the life standards and also its environmental consequences will be significant.By increase of the population and need for fossil resources especially, petroleum and petroleum products, extraction of oil has been enhanced and most of the world reservoirs, particularly in Iran are fractured reservoirs and spend their half-life, while recently, most of the oil in these reservoirs are residual and require new technologies. Low saline water injection is carried out to enhanced oil recovery. It is essential to protect the environment and oil resources. Low salt water which contains sodium chloride, calcium chloride, magnesium chloride, sodium carbonate, sodium phosphate, potassium chloride ions is injected continuously at concentrations of 1000, 3000, 5000 into the Kupal oil reservoir with high temperature and high pressure. Low saline water passes through different substrates and layers of the earth and forms oil in water and oil-in-oil emulsion with the oil inside the reservoir and leads to solubility. The time of leaving the reservoir decreases the temperature and enters a thermodynamic state and then enters the environment with different concentrations, which, in addition to contamination of the surface water and underground water, causes the oil waste economically.

Keywords:

fractured reservoirs , enhanced oil recovery , smart waste , emulsion , environment , pollution