NUMERICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL STUDY OF SUBMERGED BREAKWATER EFFECT ON WAVE RUN-UP ON STEEP SLOPED SEAWALLS

As a wave breaks, a portion of the remaining energy generates a force that runs up the water on a beach or sloped shore structure. Wave run-up is characterized as the maximum vertical extent of wave uprush above the still water level [1]. In designing maritime structures, hydraulic parameters, such as wave run-up, dictate the geometry and, in particular, elevation of the structure above sea level. The crest height of most sea dikes in the Netherlands is designed based on a 2% exceedance level of the expected run-up, suggesting a 2% overtopping. Breakwaters and offshore rubble- mound structures are, however, typically designed for more than 2% overtopping. In such cases, allowable overtopping ranges from 5% to 40% of the waves reaching the crest [2].With the water level on the rise, the calculations performed for structures designed for the expected elevation are no longer functional. This causes the run-up to exceed the allowable range, which results in human and financial toll.