Green Biosynthesis of Palladium Oxide Nanoparticles Using Dictyota indica Seaweed and its application for adsorption

The green synthesis of palladium oxide nanoparticles using Dictyota indica seaweed extract wasinvestigated. Dictyotales is a large order in the brown algae (class Phaeophyceae). The color of thereaction mixture changed which indicated the formation of palladium oxide nanoparticles. UV-Visible,SEM, TEM, XRD, and FTIR analysis determined the characteristics of synthesized nanoparticles. The UVVisibleanalysis showed the formation of palladium oxide nanoparticles. SEM and TEM analyses presentedthe palladium oxide nanoparticles have a spherical shape and based on DLS analysis with the averageparticle diameter of 19nm. The comparisons of the nanoparticle size with different biological synthesiswere studied which revealed this methodology offers the smallest size. The crystallographic parametersof the synthesized Pd nanoparticles were as follows: crystalline structure (cubic), space group (Fm-3m),and lattice parameter (a=5.6500, b=5.6500, c=5.6500, α=90, β=90, and γ=90). FTIR analysis indicatedthe presence of a palladium oxide group in the product. The removal efficiency of cadmium by thepalladium oxide nanoparticles was investigated to optimize the pH, contact time, dose of adsorbent andconcentration of cadmium. The results showed that optimum conditions for cadmium removal from waterwere obtained at pH 8, 500 mg/l adsorbent dose and 20 min contact time, wherein in these circumstancesthe removal of cadmium was 82.82%. The adsorption isotherms primacy was as follows, LangmuirR2=0.9904> Freundlich R2=0.9857> Temkin R2=0.8791.

Keywords:

Adsorption , Cadmium , Dictyota Indica Extract , Green Synthesis , Nanoparticles