From industrial clusters to clusters of technology, contexts and prerequisites; Case study of Iran

Given that a significant portion of the economic activities are carried out by small and medium enterprises in most countries of the world, government will always support them logically by different policies in order to enhance their competitiveness so that they can be active in the legal competitiveness so that they can be active in the legal competitive market themselves. According to research, cluster making in term of industrial clusters is one of the methods which have gained useful experience in increasing competitive capability of small and medium enterprises. The fact that all economic activities are based on knowledge, but knowledge-based services and industries are symbols of acquiring knowledge and technology, regarded as knowledge, and are considered as indicators of measuring academic and technological and capability of a country. Modern and advanced technologies lead to increasing the efficiency, productivity and competitiveness of a country. In this paper, in addition of introducing clusters and cluster making, will investigate and review the ways of formation, evolution and all kinds of cluster; cluster evolution suggests that in addition of longitudinal and transverse relationship among enterprises in term of industrial cluster, a new approach has been formed for clustering based on a new attitude in which there is a close relationship among enterprises and their way of organizing the space. This space arrangement allowing providing knowledge-based industries concentration, are known as technology clusters. Therefore, we will consider the discrimination among industrial and technology cluster and identifying the prerequisites and infrastructures of forming a technology cluster. So, indicators and requirements of a technology cluster are known with review of research and survey among the related experts and active clusters in Iran which are the same with technology cluster to some extent. In the following, using multi-criteria decision making, TOPSIS of the current clusters are ranked; thus best Tech clusters are identified and finally technology will provide solutions for the development of industrial clusters.

Keywords:

Industrial clusters , Technology clusters , Innovation , Research and development , TOPSIS