Designing the metal catalyzed oxidation system for comparison of injury effects of aluminium, copper, iron and lead on blood proteins

Industrial metals induce various toxicities such as cytotoxicity, genotoxicity neurotoxicity, hepatotoxicity and hematotoxicity. This study focused on the oxidative effects of aluminium (Al), copper (Cu), iron (Fe) and lead (Pb) ions on blood proteins. Blood samples were collected from healthy volunteers. Age, weight and sex weredetermined as demographic parameters. This system was designed for simulating the in vivo effects of different doses of metals in controlled laboratory conditions. Blood samples were incubated in isotonic phosphate buffer pH 7.4 and different doses of Al, Cu, Fe and Pb ions at 37 °C with shaking under aerobic condition. Carbonyl content of proteins (PCO) were calculated as oxidative marker. For this purpose, dinitrophenyl hydrazine was used for reaction with carbonyl groups and absorbance of solutions at 280 nm for protein determination. Concentrations of oxy-Hb, metHb and hemichrome were calculated according to Hb absorbance at 560, 577 and 630 nm. The data was analyzed using Excel and SPSS software. Average and standard deviation were determined as statistical parameters, t-student for comparison of groups and correlation test and regression analysis for studying the effects of different doses of metals on biochemical parameters. Volunteers included 45 healthy men between the ages of 19 and 21, weighing between 70 and 90 kilograms. Results of this study showed a significant increase in carbonyl groups in plasma proteins from 5.8 to 10.5, 13.3, 14.2 and 8.6, after exposure to Al, Cu, Fe and Pb, respectively (p<0.05). Also a decrease in oxyHb and increase in metHb and hemichrome concentrations were observed after incubation with different doses of Al, Cu, Fe and Pb. Our results demonstrated the conformational and structural modifications of hemoglubin and plasma proteins during exposure to industrial metals. Also we presented a reproducible and reliable algorithm of experiments to evaluate the oxidative effects of toxic metals on plasma proteins.

Keywords:

Aluminium , Copper , Iron , Lead , Metal catalyzed oxidation systems , Blood proteins