Investigation of microbial agent damaging to historical and cultural monuments

Maintenance and restoration, restoration and technical study of cultural and historical property is a category that has a special place in the arts and sciences in different parts of the world, and this is important for two reasons: first, that human progress in this century is unique which in turn has created processes of destruction and collapse of cultural and historical works, but also multiplied the speed of the past destructive processes, and, secondly, rapid progress in various sciences, In particular,biology has led to new materials and methods to serve this important. The cultural and historical works of libraries, reservoirs, and stone memorials are continuously influenced by the environment and are threatened by harmful agents, including environmental factors. Many biologic agents cause damage to fungi, bacteria, insects, lichen, and algae. During research conducted in the library and documentation center of the Cultural Heritage Institute from 2008 to 1394, fungi are the most abundant creatures found in places where organic matter is present. Due to the high volume of documents, sampling was carried out in different years in a large number so that statistical analysis can be carried out on the basis of statistical standards of the results. The chemical reaction that occurs in fungi leaves a clear burning effect on the appearance of the effects. Sampling was carried out based on specific characteristics in terms of specimen conditions, environmental conditions, type of the genus, proximity to contaminated samples, and so on. Evaluation of samples taken at five locations was carried out as follows: 1. Air pollution of the storage tank documents and the storage location of the films; 2. Contamination of maps and landscapes; 3. The amount of contamination of documents on the shelves; 4. Archaeological static documents (in cartons - classified); 5. The films in the tank. Selected ships environments were designed to conduct these studies in specific skids. Which is based on specific percentages of fungal and antibiotic environments. The conditions of the culture were cultured in biological incubators at 27 ° C for 3-7 days (at this time interval, regularly controlled). Then, macroscopic studies were evaluated in terms of fungal colony, colony count, and colony growth rate. Some of the fungi observed on the effects of Aspergillus flavus, Cladosporium and Alternaria have the highest risk of contamination on books and historical documents. Samples of lichens were also sampled on the works of the World Heritage Site of Pasargad. By microscopic loops and staining them, most of the lichens were Acarospora stapfiana and Acarospora rosulata. There are different views on how to deal with them from a repair perspective. The purpose of this research is to identify the biologic factors of damage to the historical-cultural effects in different parts of the country in order to provide protection strategies and deal with them. In addition, the use of interdisciplinary science in the world to protect cultural works is one of the characteristics of the disciplines.

Keywords:

Biological factors , Fungi , Bacteria , Insects , Lichens , Historical-Cultural Heritage