The role of exosome in leukemia

Introduction: Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are small (50 nm to 2 mm) vesicles released from the surface of many different cell Types into different bodily fluids, including plasma, milk, saliva, sweat, tears, semen, and urine. exosomes (50–100 nm), a homogenous population of EVs which are released from cells when multivesicular bodies fuse with the plasma membrane in a highly regulated process and release their contents. Like other cells exosomes contain all known molecular constituents of a cell, like mRNA, microRNA, DNA, transcription factors, cytokines, and growth factors.Method: Use of electron microscopy enables accurate sizing of exosomes, and is the gold standard to demonstrate presence of exosomes. Results: Exosomes interfere with functions of stromal, endothelial and immune cells in the bone marrow environment (BME), converting them into a support system for expanding leukemia cells and with enhance metastasis, modulation of immunity and contribute in tumorgenesis play a role in progression of leukemia. They transfer oncogenes or oncogenic signals from cancer cell to normal cells in the BME. The molecular profile of leukemia exosomes like AML changes in the course of therapy and may serve as a measure of disease progression or response to therapy.Conclusions: Leukemia exosomes and their biological cargo provide unique information about pathological disease that can be harnessed for not just diagnostic or prognostic purposes but also as ant leukemic treatment modalities.

Keywords:

exosome , leukemia , Extracellular vesicles