Review on the destructive environmental effects of dams and the need to reform this trend in Iran

Any manipulation of natural resources can have destructive effects, however due to the existing necessities of human, it is necessary to construct some structures in nature. Dams are one of the most important structures on water resources, from the past to now for various purposes. Dam construction has been built in different countries for different goals and objectives. Although sometimes for necessity needs the construction of dams such as electricity generation and supply drinking water is undeniable, but construction of a dam can caused to environmental, socio-economic, geology and climate irrecoverable problems. If dam construction in the last few years to be studied in Iran, there are many environmental damages and problems. There are numerous cases such as the process of drying of Lake Urmia, Salinization of Gotvand Dam, cut off river current of downstream of dams and loss of fauna and flora, and disconnection and feeding of the bottom aquifers and sometimes severe surface stagnation and drying of some surface water resources, excessive accumulation of sediments behind the reservoir of the dam as same the Sefid river dam of Guilan and Vahdat Lake of Kurdistan. Also can cussed to prevent the migration of anadromous fish and failing to complete the physiological process of reproduction and survival of these fish, such as Salmon and sturgeon species of the Caspian Sea. In addition, the construction of a dam on the outlet of some natural lakes such as Zarivar in Kurdistan caused to obstruction and choking underwater springs. By reducing the depth of the lake, the growth and progress of the surrounding area lead to increase eutrophication and aging of Lake. Some experts believe that large dams with very high weight entering high pressure on lower layers of the earth that can causes earthquake near the dam. Also, the construction of dams causes get the water on various habitats of plants, animals, Rural area, urban landscapes and ancient artifacts that can causing the protest and dissatisfaction of people in these areas as same as the Darian and Garran Lake in Kurdistan Province. Dams by drying the main branches of rivers will create dusty cores and sand and salt storms and the climate of these regions will be unpleasant changed. Finally, based on destructive effects of dams it can be certainly concluded that this process facing the country s future with serious threats. It is necessary to experts, compassionates and related authorities as soon as possible make a decision soon on this trend and process.

Keywords:

Dam Construction , Environmental Effects , Dames , Review On This Process.