Keratin and its biomedical applications in tissue engineering

Keratins as a main part of keratin intermediate filaments are a group of tough and fibrous proteins that form the structural framework of epithelial cells, lining the surfaces and cavities in the body. They include 54 genes (KRT) in human body that have been categorized as type I and II keratins. These two types of keratins constitute heterodimers, forming strong, flexible fibers called keratin intermediate filaments. These filamentous keratins are the main part of the strength of the cells, forming the basic component of hair, skin, and nails. Keratins are also involved in several other critical cell functions, including cell movement, regulation of cell size, cell growth and proliferation, wound healing, and transport of materials within cells. Recently, keratins are also utilized to build biomaterials for drug delivery and tissue engineering. They have excellent biodegradability, and biocompatibility features, being known for their biomedical applications. This review provides a snapshot of the structure, and functions of keratins and their role in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine as well.

Keywords:

Keratin , Biomaterials , Tissue engineering , Regenerative medicine