Collagen based membranes by electrospinning method for cornea regeneration

The study of biomedical acquires a lot of interest in mimic the assembly of the extracellular matrix (ECM), essential component for physical and biochemical support to the cells and surrounding environment. Therefore, collagen arises as an essential key factor to the structure of ECM. Previously, bovine and porcine origin by-products have been commonly used for the production of collagen in Industrial applications, but religious constraints and risks associated to diseases were serious problems. Newly, electrospinning is one of the alternative ways gained the most interest processes for producing nanofibrous membranes in collagen-based scaffold. The retrieved studies were searched through the PubMed, Google Scholar, Scopus, databases. Different studies have been demonstrated that the process of electrospining is electrically charging the polymer solution/melt using an appropriate high voltage to a liquid droplet of a polymer solution, it becomes charged and high voltage in order to produce ultra-fine fibers by electrostatic repulsion. By test and error with the experimental conditions, a hierarchical structure can be discovered. Collagen has been obtained from various origins and further characterized to measure its purity, amino acid profile, SDS-PAGE analysis and denaturation temperature. Furthermore, various experimental parameters associated with the operation of electrospinning are being varied, such as: solution properties which are viscosity, polymer molecular weight and dielectric constant. Next one is mechanical variables, mainly: material flow rate, distance between tip and collector, needle tip design and geometry, and furthermore, ambient conditions.Electrospinning of collagen based membranes has raised the possibility that collagen may serve as a effectivebiomaterial envisaging the regeneration of cornea.Cornea is mainly comprised of collagen fibers organized in a multilayered structure with orthogonal orientation of collagen fibers between adjacent layers by chondroitin sulfate which is a polysaccharide in the cornea found to be linked to collagen molecules.Furthermore, it provides the convenient and non-invasive way of recognize the effect of explained conditions on the production of nanofibrillar membranes, due to mimic the cornea ECM structure. Therefore, it is anticipated that tissue engineered replacements have the potential to overcome limitations of the traditional solution

Keywords:

Collagen , Electrospinning , Cornea regeneration