Evolution in immune cell based therapeutic approaches for precision medicine of hematological malignancies

Introduction Cellular damage and immortality features, highlights us obstacles for Hematological Malignancies (HM) treatment. GVHD, toxicity, complications of HLA matching and non-specificity, have mislead the therapeutic approaches into failure.Regarding to a double-edge sword nature of immune system, legalize HM microenvironment targeting which are regeneralized cancer immunotherapy . Objectives The aim of present study, is to evaluate efficiency and appropriation of three types of cells including: DCs, MDSCs, and NKs, eventually diminish side effects, and improve overall survival. Methods Data of this article required from Google Scholar, Science Direct and PubMed databases since 2009 by using 5 keywords. Totally, 86 were selected based on our inclusion and exclusion criteria. Results MDSCs, in tumor microenvironment, show dual performance: 1) Induction of anti-tumor response. 2) Induction of anergy state and chronic inflammation by expression of Arginase-1. So, inhibiting the function of tumor-derived cytokines, can help Multiple Myeloma amelioration. Receptors of NK cells stimulated with TLR-activated plasmacytoid DCs (pDCs), induce CD244 consequently regulate NK cell toxicity in ALL. HM patients vaccinated with DC, generated a specific robust anti-tumor response for TLR-4 expression. Sources of DCs, targeting the best tumor antigen for DC vaccine, accurate staging of the HM patient and route of administration are critical steps for the development of the DC based vaccine. Conclusion Dealing with mentioned frustrating challenges, focuses attention of basic medical scientists and specialists on manipulation in immunity system by some immune involved cells. Further investigations are needed to achieve potential benefits by combined utilization of these cell therapy protocols.

Keywords:

Dendritic cells , Myeloid Derived Suppressor Cells , Natural killer cells , Caner immunotherapy , Hematological Malignancies