The use of exosome in Scaphoid fractures treatment

Publish Year: 1397
نوع سند: مقاله کنفرانسی
زبان: English
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ITERMED01_314

تاریخ نمایه سازی: 7 مرداد 1398

Abstract:

Scaphoid fractures are the most common fractures of the carpalbones, accounting for 60% of such fractures. Although stabilization can occur without the need for surgical treatment, some case series indicate non-union fractures rate of up to 10%. Physiological bone repair results in the production of normal bone. Unfavourable local conditions (e.g., inadequate blood supply, soft tissue injury, or mechanical instability) and/or extensive bone tissue loss may result in failure of physiological bone repair with delayed healing, non-union, or a persistent bone defect. In these situations, autologous bone grafting is the current standard of care.Cell therapy holds promise as an alternative to autologous bone grafting for promoting bone repair. In bone tissue engineering, the cells are cultured, alone or on a biomaterial, before implantation. Cell therapy spares the bone stock and diminishes treatment invasiveness.Numerous studies have demonstrated that the MSCs-based tissue-engineered bone could efficaciously restore the critical-sized bone defects and accelerate bone regeneration. However, the direct use of MSCs has several notable limitations, such as time-consuming cell culture process, phenotype changes of MSCs during cell expansion, low homing efficiency of the injected cells and the low survival rate of local transplanted cells.Therefore, various alternative techniques have been developed to avoid the limitations of direct cell transplantation. Exosomes-based cell-free therapy appears to be a promising strategy for the restoration of bone defects. Exosomes are Nano vesicles that could be constitutively released by plasma membrane fusion, with the responsibility of mediating local and systemic cell-cell communication through the transfer of mRNAs, miRNAs, and proteins. In comparison with direct cell transplantation, exosome-based therapy has advantages, such as high stability, intrinsic homing effect, low immunogenicity and the lack of unwanted cells accumulation in liver.

Authors

Fatemeh Sadeghian

Department of Tissue Engineering and Applied Cell Sciences, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

Mojgan Moshrefi

Research and Clinical Center for Infertility, Yazd Reproductive Sciences Institute, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran