Exosomes as a novel nanodelivery approache for glioblastoma multiforme treatment

Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is a very aggressive brain tumor with poor prognosis which characterized by a high recurrence rates. The open surgery, chemotherapy and radiotherapy known as current strategies for glioblastoma treatment. Although, none of these therapeutic procedures, alone or in combination, are considered desired in managing this highly destructive disease, cause to a median survival time of less than 15 months. Many drugs fail to pass through BBB from the blood circulation so it considered as the most important obstacle. One of these new approaches is based on the use of exosomes to transfer different cargos (antitumoral drugs or genetic materials) to tumoral cells. An exciting and promising novel approach for efficient drug delivery is naturally-occurring secreted membrane vesicles. Exosomes can be used to deliver small pharmaceutical or biological molecules and pass major biological barriers such as the blood–brain barrier (BBB). This paper clarifies the GBM characteristics and the challenges of current therapeutics approaches. A closer look is given to the role of exosome in the field of drug delivery. For this purpose, a search of the PubMed and Google scholar databases was done using predefined search criteria such as exosome, glioblastoma, and nanodelivery systemes. This review provides an overview of exosomes as a hopeful opportunity delivery system to prevail over the obstacles. Exosomes are very stable, can pass the biological barrier without rejection and can shuttle bioactive molecules from one cell to another. Moreover, Exosomes may provide important cargo for human neurological disease and cancer therapy.

Keywords:

Glioblastoma multiforme , BBB , Exosome , Nano-delivery system