The potential usage of 3D bioprinters in tissue engineering field: challenges and outlook

Nowadays, 3D bioprinting, a high-throughput technology for precise fabrication of 3D construction, is used to raise applicability and function of cell-laden scaffolds. The most advantage of 3D bioprinting sounds to be prompt fabrication of 3D construct, precise deposition, cost-effectiveness, simplicity, and cell distribution controllability. As a result, need for appropriate bio-inks providing required properties for successful printing, such as printability, crosslinking, biocompatibility and suitable mechanical strength and elasticity have been raising leading to extensive work to develop new materials. Although lots of research on 3D bioprinting over the past decade has been done, challenges such as cell encapsulation methods, preservation of cell viability and proliferation in printed tissues, vascularization, biomanufacturing issues, and unfit properties have been remained to remove. Moreover, to promote the applications of bioprinting in tissue engineering, further expansion of multi-material hydrogels, development of more delicate bioprinting procedures, and the combination of different printing techniques are required. Already, a few bioprinting products have been commercialized especially in orthopedic and skin tissue engineering fields and given the fast development of this industry over the past years, it supposed that the bioprinting products will eventually take a big proportion of the medical market to help patients suffering from a wide range of diseases in the future.

Keywords:

Tissue engineering , Bioprinting , Scaffold