Observers for vehicle tire-road forces estimation – A review

The interaction between the tire and the road is crucial for determining the dynamic behavior of a road vehicle, and the road–tire contact forces are key variables in the designof traction, braking, and stability control systems. Traditionally, road–tire contact forces are indirectly estimated from vehicle-dynamics measurements. The emerging of the smart-tire concept (tire with embedded sensors and digital-computing capability) has made possible, in principle, a more direct estimation of contact forces. For estimating the road–tire contact forces, main open problems are the choice of the sensor(s) and the choice of the regressor(s) to be used for force estimation. In this paper, the previousliterature on intelligent tire has been examined, especially with regard to the estimation of tire characteristics such as tire forces and the characteristics of a loaded rolling tire.

Keywords:

Intelligent tires , vehicle dynamic behavior , vertical tire force , accelerometer sensor