Heidar Maleki - ۱Master of Environmental Engineering, School of Science Water Engineering, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran
amin Sorooshian - Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA- Department of Hydrology and Atmospheric Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
Gholamreza Goudarzi - Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran- Environmental Technologies Research Center (ETRC), Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
Amir Hossein Nikfar - Iranian Meteorology Research Center, Tehran, Iran

Ahvaz is the capital of the Khuzestan Province and a major megacity in Iran. This study examines diurnal, weekly, monthly and annual fluctuations of PM10 between 2009 and 2014 in Ahvaz. Health effects of PM10 levels are also assessed using the World Health Organization AirQ software. Over the study period, the mean PM10 level in Ahvaz was 249.5 μg m-3, with maximum and minimum values in July (420.5 μg m-3) and January (154.6 μg m-3), respectively. The cumulative diurnal PM10 profile exhibits a dominant peak between 08:00-11:00 (local time) with the lowest levels in the afternoon hours. While weekend PM10 levels are not significantly reduced compared to weekdays, an anthropogenic signature is instead observed diurnally on weekdays which exhibit higher PM10 levels between 07:00-17:00 by an average amount of 14.2 μg m-3 as compared to the days of the weekend. PM10 showed a steady mean-annual decline between 2009 (315.2 μg m-3) and 2014 (143.5 μg m-3). The Air Q model predicts that mortality was a health outcome for a total of 3777 individuals between 2009 and 2014 (i.e., 630 per year). The results of this study motivate more aggressive strategies in Ahvaz and similarly polluted desert cities to reduce the health effects of the enormous ambient aerosol concentrations.

PM10, Respiratory Disease, Cardiovascular Mortality, Health Effects, COPD, Ahvaz