Mina Zolfagharkhani - Master of Architecture, Islamic Azad University of Semnan, Iran,
shiva Danaie - Master of Architecture, Islamic Azad University of Semnan, Iran,

The courtyard in the warm and dry climatic architecture is one of the main and functional elements of architectural design that the design of closed spaces depends on the size and position of the element at home. Semnan is one of the oldest historical cities in Iran, with architectural phenomena in its historical context. The Qajar houses of Semnan city have an introversion pattern due to the courtyard. The aim of this study is to investigate the architecture of Qajar houses in Semnan and the role and function of the courtyard in their architectural design. For this purpose, information such as photographs and maps and interviews with residents of selected houses were collected through local and libraries and the Semnan Heritage Organization. By comparative information, from a social and religious point of view, functions such as privacy and ownership, the unifying element and the nucleus of communication, and the place of occurrence of various functions, as well as functions such as the adjustment of environmental conditions and the adjustment of geometry and the volume composition and manifestation of nature, and Vegetables are geographically recognized.It can be concluded that the purpose of the design of the central courtyard in Qajar houses of Semnan city, as well as other warm and dry climate regions of Iran, has social, geographical and religious aspects, which ultimately aims to create conditions for thermal and mental comfort And physical residents of the house.

Qajar houses, Semnan, courtyard, Role and performance, Hot and dry climate