Seyed Javad Sayedi - Department of Pediatric Pulmonology, Neonatal Research Center, Dr sheikh Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
Payam Mohammadinejad - Research Center for Immunodeficiencies, Pediatrics Center of Excellence, Children’s Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
Mohammadreza Modaresi - Department of Pediatric Pulmonary and Sleep Medicine, Children Medical Center, Teharn University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
Gholamreza Azizi - Department of Laboratory Medicine, Imam Hassan Mojtaba Hospital, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran

BackgroundBronchiectasis is defined by permanent and abnormal widening of the bronchi. Although this process occurs in the context of chronic airway infection and inflammation, since there is no accurate estimation of the etiology of the disease. This study aimed to determine the most important cause of bronchiectasis in Tehran, Iran.Materials and MethodsIn this retrospective cohort study we used the information of 91 patients admitted to two subspecialty lung hospitals in Tehran-Iran, where a wide range of bronchiectasis patients from around the country referred during 2013to 2014 period. Patients referring with the manifestation of chronic productive cough who had not responded to conventional treatment with the evidences of bronchiectasis on high resolution computed tomography were included. Data were analyzed using SPSS-16.0.ResultsThe etiology of bronchiectasis was diagnosed in 73 of 91 patients (80.2%), the most important of which included cystic fibrosis, post infectious, and primary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD). The most common causes of bronchiectasis in the children group (Age ≤ 18 years), were cystic fibrosis (57.1%), allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillusis (14.3%) and PCD (9.5%), respectively. In the adults group (Age > 18 years), the most common causes were post infectious (22.6%), PCD (15.7%) and cystic fibrosis (14.3%), respectively.ConclusionMain causes of bronchiectasis in this study were not significantly different from other studies. Special attention should be paid to the probable causes of bronchiectasis in order to effectively execute on-time diagnosis, proper treatment and management of complications.

Bronchiectasis, Children, Cystic fibrosis, Pneumonia, Primary ciliary dyskinesia