The effects of synthetic orally administrated insulin nanoparticle in comparison to injectable insulin on type 1 diabetes-related complications

Aims: The aim of this study was to assess the efficacy of injectable insulin on diabetes mellitus-related complications in comparison to orally encapsulated insulin nanoparticle by focusing on the serum and renal function biomarkers. Main methods: Twenty-five Wistar rats were divided into 5 groups. Control group (C), diabetic control group (D), diabetic group treated with regular insulin (INS), encapsulated insulin nanoparticle (INP) and Chitosan for two months. Biochemical parameters in serum and urine were measured using spectrophotometric methods. Gene expression of kidney injury molecule 1 (KIM-1) and neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) was evaluated using quantitative PCR and their concentration in plasma and urine were measured by ELISA. Key findings: There was no significant differences between two form of insulin in control of glycemic condition (P> 0.05), but orally INP was more effective in correcting diabetic dyslipidemia in comparison to injectable insulin (P<0.05). Urine volume and creatinine excretion were significantly modulated by insulin and orally INP in diabetic groups (P<0.05), although the effects of INP on the modulation of execration of urea, acid uric and albumin was more dramatic. Orally INP caused a significant decrease in urine concentration of KIM-1 and NGAL as well as renal expression of KIM-1 (P<0.05). Significance: Orally INP is more effective than injectable insulin in modulation of urine and serum diabetic related parameters and it has the potential to be a candidate for treatment of diabetes in the future.

Keywords:

Diabetes mellitus , Insulin nanoparticle , Kidney injury molecule 1 , Neutrophil gelatinase associated lipocalin protein.