Yazdan Shabani - Medical student, Student Research Committee, Arak, Iran.
Hajar Sadeghi - Master of Nursing, Department of Nursing, Faculty of Nursing, Khomein University of Medical Sciences, Khomein, Iran.Student of Nursing, Student Research Committee, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran
Abdolghader Pakniat - Student Research Committee, Emergency Medicine Department, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran
Kiandokht Karimian - Emergency Medicine Specialist, Assistant Professor, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran

Background: Attention Deficit / Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is one of the most common problems in adolescents. Risky behaviors in patients with ADHD are due to impaired impulse control because of problems with inhibition of prepotent responses, control of interference, and the stopping of ongoing responses after feedback on errors. The present study investigated the relationship between ADHD and Risky driving behavior and the likelihood of car accident, in Arak, Iran in 2015-16. Methods: This case-control study was conducted in the emergency department of the Vali-Asr Hospital of Arak (Iran) on drivers with inclusion criteria. The data gathering tools include demographic questionnaire, Manchester Driving Behavior Questionnaire (MDBQ) and Wender Utah Rating Scale(WURS). Statistical analyses were carried out using SPSS version 20 software. Results: ADHD Mean (±SD) was higher among cases 81.64(26.78) than controls 64(24.28),(p=0/000). Risky driving behaviors mean (±SD) were higher among cases 66.41(26.78) than controls 36.79(25.42). There is a significant relationship between ADHD, risky behavior, Lapse errors, slips, deliberate violation and unintentional violation and car accident (p=0.000). Conclusions: This study showed that ADHD increases the risk of road crashes and motor vehicle injuries. These drivers tend to be more likely to drive at unauthorized speed, have poorer control over the vehicle, drive more carelessly, and are more likely to have an accident.

Attention Deficit / Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), risky behavior, car accident.