Saba Sadeghi Rashed - Department of Biology, Central Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
Saba Taheri - Department of Biology, Islamshahr Branch, Islamic Azad University, Islamshahr, Iran
Javad Arasteh - Department of Biology, Central Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran

Multiple sclerosis is an autoimmune disease of the central nervous system correlated with inconvenient activation of lymphocytes,hyperinflammatory responses, demyelination, and neuronal loss. Inflammasomes are cytosolic multiprotein complexes responsible for the activation of inflammatory responses and they initiate innate immunity by recruitment and activation of the pro-inflammatoryCaspase-1. The activated form of caspase-1 provides, in turn, activation of IL-1β and IL-18. NLRP1 was the first discovered inflammasome. It is expressed by neurons, microglia, and astrocytes and was shown to play a major role in neuronal death and CNS inflammation. This studywas designed to reveal the effect of Bacillus- coagulans T4 IBRC-M10791, a novel and domestic strain isolated from Tarhana on the expression of NLRP1 in the cuprizone mouse model. Materials and Methods: Adult female C57bl/6 mice were divided into 5 groups (7 mice in each group). group 1: normal control, group 2: cuprizone control (oral administration of cuprizone 0.2% w/w for 5 weeks), group 3: probiotic control (oral administration of Bacillus coagulans at a concentration of 1×109 cfu/ml for 4 weeks), group 4: prevention group (oral administration of Bacillus coagulans for 2 weeks then cuprizone for 5 weeks) and group 5: Improvement group (oral administration of cuprizone for 5 weeks then Bacillus coagulans for 4 weeks). To confirm and ensure the formation of demyelination in the corpuscallosum, the luxol fast blue staining was used and then the expression of the NLRP1 gene in peripheral blood of different groups was evaluated by real-time PCR. Results: The results of this experiment indicated that there was a significant difference between bothprevention and Improvement groups with cuprizone control (p<0.05). Conclusion: We investigated that the daily intake of Bacillus coagulans could be improving in the prevention and improvement of MS.