Sedigheh Khanjani Jelodar - Department of Animal Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
Mohammadreza Bigdeli - Department of Animal Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
Akbar Hajizadeh Moghaddam - Department of Biology, Faculty of Basic Sciences, University of Mazandaran, Babolsar, Iran

Although the cause of autism remains unknown, both genetics and early postnatal environmental exposures, are known to cause ASD.Daily maternal separation during the postnatal period appears to be stressful to the pup and leads to changes in many behavioral, such as impaired social interactions, learning, and enhanced repetitive or stereotyped behavior as well as the impairment of neurogenesis.Materials and Methods: Newborn rats in all group expect control group subjected to individual isolations from their mother and nest for 1 h per day from postnatal days 1–9. From the end of the lactation day, rats were treated with Hypersin and Hypersin Carbon nanotubesfor two weeks. From postnatal days 36–40, we carried out neurobehavioral tests. Results: Here, we reported that newborn rats subjected to individual isolations from their mother and nest for 1 h per day from postnatal days 1–9 displayed apparent autistic-like symptomsincluding social deficits, excessive repetitive selfgrooming behavior, and increased anxiety- and impaired in learning and memory tested in young adult (postnatal days 36–40) compared to normal controls. Furthermore, these behavioral changes were accompanied by increasein neuroinflammation and impaired adult hippocampal and cerebellum neurogenesis. More importantly, chronic administration of carbon nanotube loaded hypercin, a clinically used anti-depression and mood stabilizer, decreased neonatal isolation-induced autistic-likebehaviors, and neuroinflammation restored cerebellum neurogenesis (p˂ 0.01). Conclusion: This study indicate that carbon nanotube loaded hypercin may be a potential therapeutic agent against autism spectrum disorders (ASD) during development and carbon nanotubes arenanotechnology-enabled drug delivery systems (DDS) have emerged as promising agents to host, protect and transport the loaded drug to the target site at the required rate.