Spinal Cord Neuropathic Pain and Key Role TLR-4

Pain is an unpleasant inward feeling that only the patient can describe. It is a kind of defense mechanism that will make the person aware of the damages however, this unpleasant feeling effects on the individual’s life so requires more awareness and treatment. In a type of classification of the pain involves two types of neuropathic pain and physiological pain. Neuropathic pain results from direct damage to the central or peripheral nerves. Damaged nerves send wrong messages to the brain and the brain means these messages as pain. Microglialcells are a type of supporting cells in the central nervous system. These cells are active in response to many external factors and release substances from themselves. The secretion of factors such as chemokines and proinflammatory cytokines likes IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α. Thesesubstances increase the spontaneous irradiation of neurons that contribute to neuropathic pain. Toll-like receptor4 (TLR-4) is a protein of the toll-like receptor family which is expressed on the microglial cells in the nervous system. Activation of tlr-4 leads to the production of cytokines. Studies have shown the prevention of gene expression TLR-4 causes Reduce significant pain in animal to suffer from spinal cord damage it also reduces the production of inflammatory mediators from microglia cells. The use of TLR-4 antagonists, such as (fp-1), was demonstrated in mice with neuropathic pain Due to the inactivation of NF-KB transcription factor and excessive production ofTNF-α in the spinal cord injury and the clinical symptoms of neuropathic pain have also decreased. Conclusion: Neuropathic pain is often resistant to existing treatments therefore, the production of ligands for the TLR-4 can be an important step in relieving pain