Screening and Prevention of Cervical Cancer

Backgrounds: Cervical cancer is the fourth most common female cancer affecting women with 528000 new cases every year. Almost 70% of the global burden occurs in less developed countries. These regions with higher rates of advanced stage disease leading to higher death rates.Material and Method: This study reviewed Fifty-three articles from 2013 to 2018 with search in reliability web site as PubMed, Web of science, Science direct, Google Scholar, Ovid/MEDLINE, EMBASE, up to date and Scopus.Result: The findings of this study show that there is a relationship between marital status, marriage age, and age of first pregnancy, smoking, consumption of oral contraceptive pills, multiple sexual partners, family history, multiparty, and the prevalence of cervical cancer. Women with higher educational levels and higher income had better awareness of cervical cancer and more willing to accept regular Pap smears. Personal barriers included lack of knowledge, insurance coverage, high cost of care have an important role to do screening. In developed countries, cytology-based services have been the basis of cervical cancer screening. Recently liquid-based cytological tests have gained wide acceptance and also replaced conventional cytology in routine screening, also it can perform molecular assays of HPV.Conclusion: Prevention efforts should be focused on improving social awareness strategies to reduce risk factors and improving the strength and quality of counselling. To improvement the cervical cancer outcomes will require advocacy efforts at the national leaderships. Annual screening still remains the most cost-effective preventive strategy. Our results showed that the predictors of belief in women’s Pap smear screening and HPV vaccination is a major strategy for preventing cervical cancers