Mesenchymal Stem Cell Therapy for Sepsis

Sepsis is a severe and life-threatening clinical syndrome resulting in tissue perfusion disorder lead to organ dysfunction and shock, even death. The rate of mortality is still high (30-40%) and is implicated in half of all in-hospital deaths. It is also one of the high-cost diseases worldwide. The host immune response to microbial infection is critical, with early-phase sepsis characterized by a hyperinflammatory immune response, whereas the latter phase of sepsis is often complicated by suppression. Currently, principles of the management of sepsis based on the following points; • Early diagnosis and prompt initiate management, • The severity of sepsis, • Etiologic diagnosis, • Effective antimicrobial therapy, • Source control, • Maintain tissue perfusion/oxygenation and preserve organ function, • Prevent complications during/following the episode of severe sepsis. Although there are no therapies directing to modify the pathophysiology and injury mechanisms of sepsis, supportive management remains crucial. The esearches over the last four decades have been focused on suppressing the early proinflammatory response to sepsis. To date, there have been more than 40 unsuccessful clinical trials of agents that reduce pathogen recognition and/or block proinflammatory cytokines and/or inflammation-signaling pathways in sepsis. Currently, Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) therapy offers a promising treatment option for autoimmune diseases, sepsis, and transplant surgery. Stem cells constitute exciting potential therapeutic agents for sepsis. Indeed, their immunomodulatory properties, antimicrobial activity, capacity of protection against organ failure, enhance resolution of tissue injury, tissue repair and restoration after sepsis, confer MSCs with a significant advantage to treat the immune and inflammatory dysfunctions associated with sepsis and septic shock.In this lecture, after brief summary and discussion of early-phase clinical trials with the use of MSCs to treat sepsis, we will present the results of an experimental study which is entitled The Effect of Mesenchymal Stem Cell Therapy in The Experimental Sepsis Model Caused by Carbapenem-Resistant Klebsiella Pneumoniae of Neutropenic Mice and a clinical study which is entitled the clinical trial with MSCs in patients with sepsis . MSCs treatment in patients with Sepsis: Phase I/II Clinical Trial, was carried out by our team.