Pd [60] fullerene complex immobilized on Graphenenanocomposites: a recoverable and efficient catalyst for the Suzuki–Miyaura reaction

In this study graphene functionalized with a palladium complex (IL-NH) was synthesized. The covalent functionalization reactions of GO include the formation of covalent bonds between the NH functional group of ligand and the epoxy group, followed by the graphene oxide being completely reduced with Pd (dba)2-C60.Recently,Graphene is a novel nanostructured material that can be conveniently used and has gained significant attention in various technological fields including catalytic chemistry, organic synthesis, and electrochemistry [1,2]. The resultant graphene oxide supported C60-Pd-GO composite (GO-supported IL-NH-C60-Pd) was characterized by various spectroscopic and microscopic techniques, including ultraviolet-visible (UV–Vis), Fourier-transform infrared (FT-IR), X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) and Scanning electron microscope (SEM), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS). The immobilization of a homogeneous catalyst onto a solid surface was one of the major challenges in catalysis,the results showed that graphenewas a superior substrate to supported metals for applications in the heterogeneous catalysis. The tests of immobilized palladium nanoparticles have shown that they exhibit high activity in the Suzuki–Miyaura carbon-carbon coupling reactions. In addition, this method has several advantages over its homogeneous analogue, such as short reaction time, low catalyst load, high performance and catalytic ability reusability without significant loss of catalytic activity and easy and costly cost of the procedure for Preparation of catalysts [3].