Impact of climate change on vector and vector-borne diseases

Background: The most important diseases transmitted by vectors include malaria, leishmaniasis, denugue fever, West Nile fever, Cremean-Congo Homoragic fever, etc. Climatic change, which includes many varieties of natural environmental and anthropological changes, is one of the factors related to human-induced ecosystem destruction and leads to global warming.Objectives: In this paper, we summarize the results of previous researches about the effects of climate change on vector and vector-borne disease transmission.Materials and Methods: This review article has been down by searching in electronic databases, including PubMed, Google scholar, SID, Iran Medex, Elsevier, and Scopus, using the keywords including climate change, vector-borne disease, Global warming, leishmaniasis, malaria, tick- borne disease, Mosquito-borne disease, global climate change from 2000- 2019..Results: The most important factors affecting disease vectors include temperature, humidity, rainfall rate and drought. Temperature directly affects vectors mortality both in adult and larva stages, besides, the most important factors limiting geographical distribution include growth rate, number generation, and a vector population abundance in a region. Major changes in rainfall can have a great effect on the abundance and diversity of arthropods. Flowing of torrents can be a factor for controlling or increasing some vectors. Increased rainfall leads to the creation of favorable habitats for some vector larvae and freshwater snails. Some studies demonstrated that high temperature can have a negative effect on malaria vectors. Totally, the Impact of climate changes on vectors are including change in activity range, host or vector population density, pathogen prevalence and the number of parasites in the insect body. Furthermore, it is quite clear that these changes will increase the incidence of vector borne diseases in the world. These diseases like trypanosomiasis, Rift Valley Fever seriously effect on the health of domestic animals and it lead to economic harms to human Conclusion: Changing in meteorological factors affect on ecology and the density of vectors. Social and ecological content like population size and distribution, communityinfrastructure and behavior impact on climate change and these factors can change the fitness and longevity of vectors and finally it will be effective on vector-borne disease

Keywords:

Vector-borne disease , Climate change , Global warming