Simulation of tumor delivery uniformity in conventional proton therapy using FLUKA and GEANT4 Monte-Carlo codes

Background: The energy generated by a proton beam is left largely under a Bragg-peak depth at a certain depth. Proton therapy typically involves two active and passive methods of diagnosis. In a typical proton therapy, which is used as a passive diagnostic method, an effective therapeutic treatment is developed by using a beam spreading out of the accelerator nozzle to produce two types of uniformity in the profile of the Smooth uniformity and uniformity in depth, known as SOBP, that derives from the sum of several Bragg coursers.Methods: Our goal in this study is to achieve proton to distribute transverse and deep doses to increase the accuracy of proton therapy. For this purpose, data from the Proton Therapy Division of the CYRIC Tohoku Research Center in Japan have been used to simulate a proton-therapeutic center. To simulate and evaluate the uniformity of the dose, the FLUKA and GEANT4 codes of Monte-Carlo code have been used. The effect of each element in the inactive system, including rigid filters, range-shifter, compensator, and collimator, is on the uniformity of fear.Results: By designing and using different rigid filtering in geometry, SOBPs of varying lengths are available for use in treatment for tumors of varying diameter and size. In the results obtained in this study, the uniformity of the doses deposited by the bounce produced in transverse and deep directions in different conditions is above 90% and with a maximum error of ± 5%. To validate the results, two simulation codes have been used that interact with the results of the simulation codes together with the theoretical and experimental results.Conclusion: The length of the SOBP region should be a measure of the length of the target area. To this end, different filter ranges have been used to achieve the appropriate dose distribution. In this simulation study, four SOBP areas with values of 5, 10, 15 and 20 millimeters have been performed. By designing and using different ridge filters in geometry, SOBPs with different lengths are available for use in treatment for tumors of varying diameter and size. The results show that applying changes to the geometry and the sizes of inactive elements, especially rigid filters, significantly affect the uniformity of fear.

Keywords:

FLUKA , GEANT4 , Proton beam therapy , SOBP