Mahmoud Ebrahimi - Cardiovascular Research Center, Department of Cardiology, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
Azamat Sabouri Arteh - Cardiovascular Research Center, Department of Cardiology, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
Hamid Reza Rahimi - Student Research Committee, Department of Modern Sciences & Technologies, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran

Coronary artery disease (CAD) is a major global problem. In addition, it is higher risk of mortality for women more than men are when develop in female gender Atherosclerotic plaques consist of deposits of fatty material in the tunica intima. The role of inflammatory process in CAD has been known from 1980’s. Several studies investigated the innate immunity and adaptive immunity roles in atherosclerosis and they concluded that it plays a key role in atherosclerosis. Coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) is a widely used method for the treatment of CAD. Based on the literature, CABG is the most common surgical operation done worldwide. In During the first 10 years after CABG, up to 50% of saphenous grafts will occlude. Graft restenosis is beginning with acute thrombosis, intima hyperplasia, and plaque formation. In this review, some molecular pathways of graft failure and restenosis such as apoptosis and nuclear factor kappa B (NF-ĸB) are described.

Apoptosis, Atherosclerosis, Coronary artery bypass grafting, Coronary Artery Disease